Fluctuations in viral load and CD4 in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, who attend the Regional Hospital of Coronel Oviedo - PRONASIDA from January to December - 2023

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a severe disease that gradually deteriorates the immune system, rendering it incompetent and relatively low, which causes the body to struggle in combating infections. This can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which occurs in the final stage of HIV. This research aims to analyze the fluctuations in viral load and CD4 in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) at Regional Hospital Coronel Oviedo - PRONASIDA during the period from January to December 2023. The investigative work is designed with a quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional approach. The level of knowledge is descriptive and non-experimental. The technique used was document collection and analysis. 52 patients participated in this research by meeting the inclusion criteria. The most frequently reported incidence was observed in the age range of 29 to 38 years (30,8%). In terms of gender distribution, the rate is higher among men (69,2%) than women. Most diagnosed cases originated from Coronel Oviedo (25,0%). Regarding the monitoring, in the retrospective results of viral load, 92,3% of patients had levels above 200 copies/ml, and for CD4 counts, 65,4% had values below 200 cells/mm3. During follow-up, viral load decreased below 200 copies/ml in 46,2% of cases, and CD4 counts increased above 200 cells/mm3 in 71,2.% of cases, achieving viral suppression. Regarding treatment, 86,5% responded adequately, 3,8% abandoned treatment, and 9,6% deceased. Monitoring viral load and CD4 levels is zcrucial for monitoring patient evolution and closely following treatment, as they show a favorable response in the majority of patients studied. The data suggest that appropriate follow-up can be effective in managing the disease in the studied population.