Prevalence of urinary tract infection in pregnant women aged the ages 18 to 30 years who attend the Immaculate Conception District Hospital of Caaguazú in the period from January to November 2022

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs when pathogens enter the urinary tract and overcome the host's defense mechanisms. UTI is common in women, since they have different factors that favor the entry and proliferation of bacteria in the urinary tract due to the female anatomy; because the urethra is short and is located near the anal area. On the other hand, the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and the decrease in defense, having a history of UTI, diabetes or a low socioeconomic level, predispose to the development of a UTI, it is important to reach an early diagnosis of UTI to avoid complications for both the mother and the development of the pregnancy. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection in pregnant women aged 18 to 30 years who attend the Inmaculada Concepción District Hospital of Caaguazú in the period from January to November 2023. The focus of the study is quantitative. cross-sectional, with a descriptive level and non-experimental design. Data collection was through documentary analysis, the population was made up of 114 prenatal clinical records, according to the inclusion criteria of the study, the sample was made up of 61 pregnant women. The results obtained were that the prevalence of UTI is 54%, as for the obstetric factors associated with UTI, they predominated according to the time of gestation in the second trimester by 50.8%, in the number of pregnant women in the primigravida with 39.3% and according to parity in nulliparous women with 44%; In the sociodemographic factors, a higher prevalence is observed in terms of age from 18 to 21 years with 42.6%, the marital status was in a stable union with 77.2%, the level of study is primary schooling with 42.6% and the origin was the urban area with 59.1% and in the identification of the clinical history it had a greater pre- valence in pregnant women who had genitourinary surgery in 8.2%. Given the high prevalence of UTI in pregnant women who attend the Inmaculada Concepción District Hospital of Caaguazú, it is recommended that UTI prevention be promoted more, emphasizing the risk factors in which it can occur and the complications that it gene- rates when it is not diagnosed and treated promptly.